What the profile screens for
Main-gear touchdown occurs beyond an operator-defined position or proportion of the available landing distance.
Why it matters
Late touchdown reduces stopping margin and can combine with speed, runway condition, braking, and deceleration threats.
Build the event around relationships—not one number.
Define the operating context
Identify the landing state, aircraft configuration, location, and any required external data before applying logic.
Screen the signal relationship
Use validated combinations of touchdown position, runway geometry, groundspeed; avoid treating one isolated value as the whole event.
Confirm it is a genuine event
Check polarity, units, source, recording rate, dropouts, air/ground logic, persistence, and false-positive mechanisms.
Connect data to the safety question
Review procedures, reports, weather, airport and traffic context, exposure, recurrence, and the strength of the related barriers.
Recorded signals that may help explain the event.
Calibrated airspeed
Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument and position error, as provided by the aircraft data system.
Open parameter guide ↗discreteLanding gear status
Command, position, lock, and ground-sensing states associated with the landing gear; these are separate signals with different meanings.
Open parameter guide ↗Questions before conclusions
- Q1
Are touchdown position, runway geometry, groundspeed valid, correctly decoded, time-aligned, and sampled well enough for this event?
- Q2
What changed immediately before, during, and after the long landing indication?
- Q3
How do aircraft configuration, weather, airport geometry, automation state, and crew reports change the interpretation?
- Q4
Which current flight manual, SOP, maintenance, or operator event definition controls the final conclusion?
Safety topics that broaden the event review.
Runway end safety area
Runway-end design, arresting systems, clear areas, and operational defenses intended to reduce consequences after an overrun or undershoot.
Open topic profile ↗SAT-019 · Approach & landingLong landing risk
Touchdown beyond the planned zone or with insufficient runway remaining after considering speed, wind, surface, slope, and deceleration capability.
Open topic profile ↗SAT-066 · Weather & environmentTailwind landing
Landing with a tailwind component and its effects on approach groundspeed, touchdown distance, runway remaining, energy, and stopping margin.
Open topic profile ↗Hard Landing
A structured guide to recognizing, reporting, analyzing, and responding to a suspected touchdown load exceedance without confusing passenger perception with an engineering determination.
Open topic brief ↗Flight OperationsTail Strike
Understand how aircraft geometry, pitch rate, gear compression, speed, and control technique combine near takeoff or landing.
Open topic brief ↗WeatherCrosswind Operations
Manage alignment, drift, bank, gust response, touchdown sequence, and directional control using aircraft- and operator-specific techniques.
Open topic brief ↗12 useful starting points
Terminology and topic relationships select these links; the publisher source remains authoritative.
AC 91-79B — Aircraft Landing Performance and Runway Excursion Mitigation
This FAA circular brings together landing-performance planning, time-of-arrival assessment, RCAM information, and operational practices for reducing runway-excursion risk.
Open official sourceSAFO 18009 — SAFO 18009, Risk of Runway Number Transposition Leading to a possible "Runway Overrun" During Takeoff at San Francisco International Airport ( SFO )
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and takeoff. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceA320 – Runway overrun
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for approach and landing and runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceFurther Preventing Runway Overrun
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for approach and landing and runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceHigh Load Event Reporting
The Airbus Safety First article explains why a pilot report remains central after a suspected high-load event and how recorded reports and analysis tools can support the applicable maintenance process.
Open official sourceSAFO 10001 — Possible effects of Thickened Anti-icing Fluids on Takeoff Rotation for Airplanes withUnpowered Elevator Controls
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for takeoff and weather. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceA Focus on the Landing Flare
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for approach and landing. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceA Focus on the Takeoff Rotation
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for takeoff. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceA320 Tail strike at Take-Off?
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for takeoff. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceAirbus Crosswind Development and Certification
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for aviation safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceHard Landing, a Case Study for Crews and Maintenance Personnel
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for approach and landing and maintenance. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceIncorrect pitch trim setting at takeoff
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for takeoff and flight controls and automation. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official source