What the profile screens for
Groundspeed or airspeed at main-gear touchdown exceeds the validated landing-speed context.
Why it matters
Excess touchdown speed increases kinetic energy and landing distance and can reduce directional and braking margin.
Build the event around relationships—not one number.
Define the operating context
Identify the landing state, aircraft configuration, location, and any required external data before applying logic.
Screen the signal relationship
Use validated combinations of groundspeed, calibrated airspeed, target speed; avoid treating one isolated value as the whole event.
Confirm it is a genuine event
Check polarity, units, source, recording rate, dropouts, air/ground logic, persistence, and false-positive mechanisms.
Connect data to the safety question
Review procedures, reports, weather, airport and traffic context, exposure, recurrence, and the strength of the related barriers.
Recorded signals that may help explain the event.
Calibrated airspeed
Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument and position error, as provided by the aircraft data system.
Open parameter guide ↗discreteLanding gear status
Command, position, lock, and ground-sensing states associated with the landing gear; these are separate signals with different meanings.
Open parameter guide ↗Questions before conclusions
- Q1
Are groundspeed, calibrated airspeed, target speed valid, correctly decoded, time-aligned, and sampled well enough for this event?
- Q2
What changed immediately before, during, and after the high-speed touchdown indication?
- Q3
How do aircraft configuration, weather, airport geometry, automation state, and crew reports change the interpretation?
- Q4
Which current flight manual, SOP, maintenance, or operator event definition controls the final conclusion?
Safety topics that broaden the event review.
Hard Landing
A structured guide to recognizing, reporting, analyzing, and responding to a suspected touchdown load exceedance without confusing passenger perception with an engineering determination.
Open topic brief ↗Flight OperationsTail Strike
Understand how aircraft geometry, pitch rate, gear compression, speed, and control technique combine near takeoff or landing.
Open topic brief ↗WeatherCrosswind Operations
Manage alignment, drift, bank, gust response, touchdown sequence, and directional control using aircraft- and operator-specific techniques.
Open topic brief ↗12 useful starting points
Terminology and topic relationships select these links; the publisher source remains authoritative.
Annual Safety Review 2025
EASA's review uses occurrence and accident information to describe performance across aviation domains and to support the European safety-risk-management process.
Open official sourceStatistical Summary of Commercial Jet Airplane Accidents, 1959–2024
Boeing's 56th annual statistical summary organizes commercial-jet accident data using stated definitions and the CAST/ICAO occurrence taxonomy.
Open official sourceIATA Annual Safety Report — 2024
IATA's 61st annual report provides an interactive, method-defined view of commercial aviation accident performance and contributing-factor classifications.
Open official sourceAC 91-79B — Aircraft Landing Performance and Runway Excursion Mitigation
This FAA circular brings together landing-performance planning, time-of-arrival assessment, RCAM information, and operational practices for reducing runway-excursion risk.
Open official sourceSAFO 18009 — SAFO 18009, Risk of Runway Number Transposition Leading to a possible "Runway Overrun" During Takeoff at San Francisco International Airport ( SFO )
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and takeoff. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 16008 — SAFO 16008, Reducing the Risk of Runway Excursions During Takeoff
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and takeoff. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 11011 — Runway Excursions at Jackson Hole Airport ( JAC )
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceSAFO 08003 — Guidance Material for Contaminated Runway Landing Operations
Official U.S. Federal Aviation Administration material indexed for approach and landing and runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceA320 – Runway overrun
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for approach and landing and runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceFurther Preventing Runway Overrun
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for approach and landing and runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceIs it a Loss of Braking?
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official sourceLateral runway excursions upon landing
Official Airbus Safety First material indexed for approach and landing and runway safety. Open the publisher source for the complete document, scope, and current status.
Open official source